Industrial and Commercial Uses

Widely used in various industries, including pH control, cleaning agents, metal processing, textile dyeing and tanning, adhesives, and water treatment.
Used in acidic cleansing agents, dairy and industrial cleaning agents, and inhibits the growth of iron-oxidizing bacteria.
Applied in metal processing for pickling, cleaning, chemical milling, and electroplating, as well as in textile dyeing, printing, and creaseproofing.
Commercially available as a technical grade 70% aqueous solution, a 57% aqueous solution, or a 100% crystalline solid.

Medical and Cosmetic Applications

Utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent, and in the food industry as a flavor and preservative.
Included in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning additive and humectant to help retain moisture.
Marketed for cosmetic products and household cleaning agents, with a growing market size expected to reach US$415.0 million by 2024.

Biomedical Applications

Used in medical applications for its ability to convert to biodegradable polymers like polyglycolic acid (PGA) and copolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). PLGA is used in various medical applications due to its good mechanical properties.

Regulatory Status

Previously regulated as an antimicrobial pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), but its use as a pesticide has been cancelled.
Still regulated by FIFRA as an inert ingredient, categorized under List 3, inerts of unknown toxicity, with a PC code assigned by the EPA.

General Description

Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane. It is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble chemical that is commonly used in skin care products. Glycolic acid is known for its exfoliating properties, as it works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting the shedding of the outer layer of the skin. This process helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone. Additionally, glycolic acid can also help to unclog pores and reduce acne. It is a popular ingredient in chemical peels and other professional skin treatments, as well as in over-the-counter skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and serums. While glycolic acid can be beneficial for many skin types, it is important to use it cautiously and always wear sunscreen when using products containing this ingredient, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.